Category: Evidence Notes

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Management of heart failure in patients with kidney disease—updates from the 2021 ESC guidelinesby Nicola C Edwards, et al.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 38, Issue 8, August 2023, Pages 1798–1806, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfad011 While clinical trials over almost 40 years have enabled the guidelines to recommend multiple drugs with clear evidence of prognostic benefit in HFrEF, data for HFmrEF and…

[Paper] Management of heart failure in patients with kidney disease—updates from the 2021 ESC guidelines – Heart Failure Patients with Concomitant CKD

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Management of heart failure in patients with kidney disease—updates from the 2021 ESC guidelinesby Nicola C Edwards, et al.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 38, Issue 8, August 2023, Pages 1798–1806, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfad011 The 2021 guidelines address the co-existence of HF and CKD in a short section titled ‘Non-cardiovascular co-morbidities’. This section remains brief as in 2016 and exemplifies the…

[Paper] Nascent shifts in renal cellular metabolism, structure, and function due to chronic empagliflozin in pre-diabetic mice

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Nascent shifts in renal cellular metabolism, structure, and function due to chronic empagliflozin in pre-diabetic mice (https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00446.2023)by Blythe D. Shepard, et al. 04 MAR 2024 Sodium-glucose cotransporter, type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), particularly empagliflozin, are identified as promising agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with additional benefits for renal protection beyond glucose reduction.…

[Paper] New Developments in the Treatment and Management of Heart Failure: Managed Care Considerations on the Evolving Paradigm in HFrEF and HFpEF

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New Developments in the Treatment and Management of Heart Failure: Managed Care Considerations on the Evolving Paradigm in HFrEF and HFpEF (JMCM_26.2_Apr2023_web.pdf (jmcmpub.org))by Alanna A. Morris, MD, MSc SummaryThe management of heart failure has undergone significant changes over the past few years. A four-pillar medication strategy is now recommended and this strategy includes two newer…

About Hepatocellular Carcinoma, in terms of treatments and its clinical trials

Dec 21, 2023

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and ranks among the top causes of cancer-related deaths. The current treatment options for HCC include the following: In the early stages of HCC, complete surgical resection is often possible. Liver transplantation is a suitable treatment for patients with liver function impairment, as it…

Why do we use Kernel-smoothed hazard function in clinical trials?

Dec 21, 2023

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The Kernel-smoothed hazard function is a statistical method used to estimate the hazard function continuously over time. This approach is particularly useful in survival analysis, where the interest is in understanding the event rate (such as death or failure) at any given point in time. Here are a few reasons why researchers might choose to…

Clinical trial conduct described in the ICH E6

Feb 4, 2023

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The International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) E6 Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) provides guidance on the conduct of clinical trials. The guideline outlines key principles and processes that should be followed in order to ensure the safety and well-being of trial participants, and to ensure the validity and reliability of trial data. The following…

Blinding in clinical trials

Feb 4, 2023

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Blinding, also known as masking, is a key concept in clinical trials. It refers to the process of concealing information about the interventions assigned to participants in the trial, in order to reduce bias in the assessment of the treatment effect. The aim of blinding is to ensure that the assessment of the outcomes is…

What is the difference between cohorts and arms in clinical trials?

Feb 4, 2023

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